The Kamakura Period Samurai Rule in Japan

The Kamakura Period in Japan lasted from 1192 to 1333, bringing with it the emergence of shogun rule. Japanese warlords, known as  shoguns, claimed power from the hereditary monarchy and their scholar-courtiers, giving the samurai warriors and their lords ultimate control of the early Japanese empire. Society, too, changed radically, and a new feudal system emerged. Along with these changes came a cultural shift in Japan. Zen Buddhism spread from China as well as a rise in realism in art and literature, favored by the ruling warlords of the time. However, cultural strife and political divides eventually led to the shogunate rulerships downfall and a new imperial rule took over in 1333. The Genpei War and a New Era Unofficially, the Kamakura Era began in 1185, when the Minamoto clan defeated the Taira family in the Genpei War. However, it was not until 1192 that the emperor named Minamoto Yoritomo as the first shogun of Japan — whose full title is Seii Taishogun,  or great general who subdues the eastern barbarians — that the period truly took shape.   Minamoto Yoritomo ruled from 1192 to 1199 from his family seat at Kamakura, about 30 miles south of Tokyo. His reign marked the beginning of the bakufu system under which the emperors in Kyoto were mere figureheads, and the shoguns ruled Japan. This system would endure under the leadership of different clans for almost 700 years until the Meiji Restoration of 1868. After Minamoto Yoritomos death, the usurping Minamoto clan had its own power usurped by the Hojo clan, who claimed the title of shikken or regent in 1203.  The shoguns became figureheads just like the emperors. Ironically, the Hojos were a branch of the Taira clan, which the Minamoto had defeated in the Gempei War. The Hojo family made their status as regents hereditary and took effective power from the Minamotos for the remainder of the Kamakura Period. Kamakura Society and Culture The revolution in politics during the Kamakura Period was matched by changes in Japanese society and culture. One important change was the increasing popularity of Buddhism, which had previously been limited primarily to the elites in the emperors court. During the Kamakura, ordinary Japanese people began to practice new types of Buddhism, including  Zen  (Chan), which was imported from China in 1191, and the  Nichiren Sect, founded in 1253, which emphasized the Lotus Sutra and could almost be described as fundamentalist Buddhism. During the Kamakura era,  art and literature  shifted from the formal, stylized aesthetic favored by the nobility to a realistic and highly-charged style that catered to warrior tastes. This emphasis on realism would continue through the Meiji  Era and is visible in many ukiyo-e prints from shogunal Japan. This period also saw a formal codification of Japanese law under military rule. In 1232, the  shikken  Hojo Yasutoki issued a legal code called the Goseibai Shikimoku, or Formulary of Adjudications, which laid out the law in 51 articles. The Threat of Khan and Fall to   The greatest crisis of the Kamakura Era came with a threat from overseas. In 1271, the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan  Ã¢â‚¬â€ grandson of Genghis Khan  Ã¢â‚¬â€ established the Yuan Dynasty in China. After consolidating power over all of China, Kublai sent emissaries to Japan demanding tribute; the shikkens government flatly refused on behalf of the shogun and emperor.   Kublai Khan responded by sending two massive armadas to invade Japan in 1274 and 1281. Almost unbelievably, both armadas were destroyed by typhoons, known as the kamikaze or divine winds in Japan. Although nature protected Japan from the Mongol invaders, the cost of the defense forced the government to raise taxes, which set off a wave of chaos across the country. The Hojo shikkens tried to hang on to power by allowing other great clans to increase their own control of different regions of Japan. They also ordered two different lines of the Japanese imperial family to alternate rulers, in an attempt to keep either branch from becoming too powerful.   Nonetheless, Emperor Go-Daigo of the Southern Court named his own son as his successor in 1331, sparking a rebellion that brought down the Hojo and their Minamoto puppets in 1333. They were replaced, in 1336, by the Ashikaga Shogunate based in the Muromachi part of Kyoto.  The Goseibai Shikimoku remained in force until the  Tokugawa  or Edo Period.

Essay on Wuthering Heights Setting - 603 Words

Wuthering Heights: Change in Setting In the novel Wuthering Heights, by Emily Bronte, two isolated houses are highlighted because of their contrast to each other. The atmosphere of the two houses share similar characteristics as the characters that live inside and Bronte expresses throughout the novel that one will change in a difference of setting, but one will never change completely. Thrushcross Grange is a lovely manor that is located among the grassy fields of the Yorkshire Moor. The atmosphere of the household is as refined as the occupants are. The moor has a calming atmosphere as well as beauty; this defines the fundamental structure of the Linton’s appearance. The Linton is a well-known family that is monetarily stable.†¦show more content†¦However, both Heathcliff and Catherine were able to escape their crude attitude and adopt a more polished attitude by escaping from the depressed environment. Although Thrushcross Grange and Wuthering Heights are very dif ferent, the two households share similarities as well. Thrushcross Grange and Wuthering Heights are isolated from other people. The two houses are miles apart, and the only common visitor is the doctor. As a result from the isolation, the two households relied on each other for company. As each visit brought a part of the visitor’s household’s atmosphere, the transformation of Catherine and Heathcliff deepened. The presence of Edgar Linton caused Catherine to act more refines and mature, and Heathcliff became more controlled with his anger. However, because of their settings each character fell into their pervious attitude. Heathcliff began to argue with Catherine because she spends more time with Edgar instead of him, and Catherine aborted her pretense of being a refined individual when Nelly refused to obey her orders. This recognize the fact that although that a person can change, they cannot change completely. The setting is a very important part of the novel beca use it has a tremendous amount of influence. The characters, the plot and the audience’s reaction are influenced the most. The influence of setting was reflected in wuthering heights, by Emily Bronte. BronteShow MoreRelatedThe Setting of Wuthering Heights Essay681 Words   |  3 PagesWuthering Heights is a novel of passion, revenge, and the destructiveness of a love that is too fierce. The book takes place in the Yorkshire moors in New England in the late 18th century. Emily Brontà «, the author of the tale, makes great use of the story’s Gothic landscape and setting to draw into her story and complement its ongoing themes. The book divides its plot between the wild farmhouse, Wuthering Heights, and the cleanly kept mansion, Thrushcross Grange. Catherine Earnshaw and HeathcliffRead MoreThe Importance of the Setting in Wuthering Heights Essay1613 Words   |  7 PagesImportance of the Setting in Wuthering Heights There are numerous approaches to analyzing and understanding a novel, with the setting being one of utmost importance. It is one of the first aspects noted by readers because it can potentially increase their identification of specific motifs, and subsequently themes, through repetitively emphasizing the natural setting that penetrates conversations, incidences, thoughts, and behaviors. The author typically creates a setting that facilitates theRead More The Importance of Setting in Developing a Theme for Wuthering Heights by Bronte839 Words   |  4 PagesWhen Emily Bronte wrote Wuthering Heights England was going through a time of great change. It?s past agrarian society was changing and the common man was able to obtain wealth. 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Thus, Bronte focuses on the evil eye of Heathcliffs obsessive and perpetual love with Catherine, andRead MoreSetting Analysis and Symbolism of Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte734 Words   |  3 PagesSetting Analysis and Symbolism of Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte In Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte uses the setting of the English Moors, a setting she is familiar with, to place two manors, Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. The first symbolizes mans dark side while the latter symbolizes an artificial utopia. This 19th century setting allows the reader to see the destructive nature of love when one loves the wrong person. The manor Wuthering Heights is described as dark andRead MoreEssay about Importance of Setting in Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights942 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Setting in Wuthering Heights      Ã‚   Wuthering Heights is a timeless classic in which Emily Brontà « presents two opposite settings. Wuthering Heights and its occupants are wild, passionate, and strong while Thrushcross Grange and its inhabitants are calm and refined, and these two opposing forces struggle throughout the novel.    Wuthering Heights is out on the moors in a barren landscape. Originally a farming household, it sits [o]n that bleak hilltop [where] theRead MoreThe Depth of Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights884 Words   |  4 PagesWuthering Heights was written by Emily Bronte’. It would be the least to say her imagination was quite impressive. Through imagination as a child, Bronte’ and her sisters would write children stories, which inspired some popularly known novels. Wuthering Heights contains crossing genres, changing settings, multiple narrators, and unreliable narrators. George R. R. Martin wrote the book Game of Thrones, which is one of the modern day novels that contain several of Emily Bronte’s writing techniquesRead MoreWuthering Heights1634 Words   |  7 Pagesfor her novel Wuthering Height, was inspired for her writing through her siblings from a young age. Brontà « was born in Yorkshire, England in 1818. She had one younger sibling, Anne, and four older ones, M aria, Elizabeth, Charlotte, and Patrick Branwell. When Brontà « and her family moved to Haworth in West Yorkshire, Maria and Elizabeth both died of tuberculosis. Emily was raised in the rural countryside in solitude, which provided a background for her Gothic novel, Wuthering Heights. When Emily, CharlotteRead MoreGood vs. Evil in Wuthering Heights638 Words   |  3 PagesMany authors use the setting of a novel to illuminate certain values and principles in their writing. In Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte utilizes this technique to enhance the theme of the work. The novel is set in a harsh environment in Northern England, highlighting two specific estates, Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange, as the main places of action. The dreary landscape and houses not only serve as the primary setting, but also as major symbols that aide in establishing the tone andRead MoreWuthering Heights ch 1-3 analysis1105 Words   |  5 Pages In Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte, what first appears to be an overabundance of descriptions about a mansion in nineteenth century England easily turns into a myriad of sentiment, hatred, and love among the protagonists. The work can be classified as an unprecedented satire, using indirect actions of its characters to convey a forthright message regarding human misdeeds. The first few pages of the book presents two main characters, Mr. Heathcliff and Mr. Lockwood, where both serve an important

Supervision of Regulation and Challenges †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Supervision of Regulation and Challenges. Answer: Introduction: From the above discussion it can be concluded that Islamic finance started gaining importance after the 2008 global financial crisis. The essay examined the development of Islamic finance in the UAE and how it has emerged as the alternative banking in the country since the last 50 years. It also explained that various factors that promoted the growth of Islamic finance like awareness on the part of the government institution related with the significance of promoting Islamic finance as Shariah complaint in the development of the country. It reviewed the public awareness on the growth of Islamic finance and financial system as better banking system (Ainley, et al., 2007). The major advantage of Islamic finance as observed from the literature review is that they do not follow the concept of investing money in speculative business of trading and chance games. In fact they operate the system as Shariah complaint and it is considered seriously by western researcher whereby normal banking should follow the same principle. Islamic finance offer diversity in the portfolio to both companies and individuals. In addition they are fulfilling the needs of their market segment that is rapidly growing. With the passage of time the Islamic finance is becoming more and more sophisticated. The constant evolution of the regulatory and policy framework and growing market of Islamic finance explain the growing capacity and stability of the concept (Archer, Karim, 2007). It is challenging the conventional banking concept as more and more banking institution and financial institution are adopting the Islamic finance. Thus it indicates the Islamic finance will evolve further. References Ainley, M., Mashayekhi, A., Hicks, R., Rahman, A., Ravalia, A. (2007). Islamic finance in the UK: Regulation and challenges. London: Financial Services Authority, 13. Archer, S., Karim, R. A. A. (2007). Supervision of Islamic Banks and Basel II: the Regulatory Challenge. Islamic finance: the regulatory challenge, 1-7.

To Kill A Mockingbird - Plot Summary Essays - To Kill A Mockingbird

To Kill a Mockingbird - Plot Summary Part 1 Chapter 1-8 1. Chapter 1 introduces readers to the town of Maycomb, its apperannce, its inhabitants, and the particular attitudes of many of its people. Find a sentence or a paragraph which illustrates each of the following attitudes/ideas. Quote at least a portion of the sentence or paragraph and give page number. a. pride in ancestry and "tradition" "tired old town" - p.9 b. pride in conformity and distrust of those who are different "Maycomb County had recently been told that it had nothing to fear but fear itself" - p.10 c. awareness difference in social classes "nothing to buy and no money to buy with it" - p.10 d. narrow span of interest and almost no interest in the world outside Maycomb. "nothing to see outside the boundaries of Maycomb County" - p.10 2. Approximately when does the story negin? Show evidence to support your answer. The setting of the story take place in Maycomb County, Alabama, during the 1930's. The neighborhood overall is very poor, with farming bein g the major way of making a living. (Cotton-farming) 3. What do we know for certain about Boo Radley? The Radley place and its mysterious inhabitant are described ub great detail. Scout was telling the story about Boo Radley, she said Radley was locked up as a teenager for once getting in trouble with police. Radley has been in the house ever since, although some people are convinced he come out at night. 4. Why is Boo fasinating to the children? At the summer, when Dill come out and play with Scout and Jem, Dill has always found interesting studying Boo's place, because Dill think Boo is phantom bogeyman. Chapter 2 1. Scout makes three mistakes during her first day at school. What are her mistakes, and why do they make Miss Caroline so angry? First of all, the teacher found out that Scout already can read, so she make Scout promise not to read to with her father; second, the teacher found out Scout was writing a letter to Dill, the teacher stop her from writing it and told Scout th at in Grade 1, you only learn printing, and in Grade 3 you learn writing; third, Scout was tring to explain the ways of the Cunninghams, a family of poot but proud farmers who refuse charity. Miss Caroline thinks Scout is being insolent and after slapping her hand. 2. Why are the professional people in Maycomb poor at this time? The professtional people is poor at that time I think is because their learning system is so limited, student have no chance to things other than what the teacher have teached. 3. What is the WPA, and why won't Mr. Cunningham work for it? WPA stand for Works Progress Administration. He didn't work for it because he is proud of himself, he won't take help and charity, he take only what he work for. Chapter 3 1. Calpurnia lectures Scout on manners when Scout criticzes Walter's manners and Atticus supports her. What does this tell you about how both Calpurnia and Atticus feel about others? Scout has a good relationship with Atticus but she doesn't really like C alpurnia since she think Cal hates her because they always argue about things and always takes the side of Jem. And the point of view from Cal and Atticus is very difference. Cal will give lecture to the children if they did something wrong, but Atticus will try to impact the important message to the children. 2. Burris Ewell, Walter Cunningham, and Chuck little are all from extremely poor families. However, there are great differences both in appearance and in attitudes, particularly between the Cunninghams and the Ewells. What are those differences and why do you suppose they exist? Between Burris Ewell, Walter Cunningham - They are both from a very poor family. But Walter's family is respectable, but Ewell's family is disreputable. Ewell have no attemp of dressing up to school, following rule, or even come back to school again. But as for Walter, he attend school in a clean shirt and neatlt mended overall. This is to show how disreputable Ewell's family is, and